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Effects of food shortages in third world countries include;loss of life due to famine e.g. in Ethiopia and Nigeriaincreased human suffering i.e children born of malnourished mother are weak.construct wars and clashes between communities over food.Has led to refugee problems as some people have been made to free to neighboring countries in search of food.Increase in poverty levels .There is bound to be a general increase in poverty among the masses.Economics decline-countries that face food shortages will in turn experience economic decline.
Remedies to perennial food shortages in Africa include;Agricultural policies.Provision of extension services.Family land use.Research and development.Infrastructural development.Reforestation programmes.Environmental conservation measures
Solutions of food shortage in third world countries include;Adopting irrigation which would ensure food production throughout the year.Encouraging farmers to grow food crops that are drought resistance.Encouraging the growing of food crops instead of cash cropsGiving loans/credit facilities to farmersEncouraging the forming of co-operative societies to market their produce.Encouraging soil conservation measures e.g terracing, afforestation.Farm inputs/fertilizers pesticides should be highly subsidized in order to make them affordable to farmers.Modern/scientific farming methods should be practiced in order to improve agricultural yield.Storage facilities should be improved to minimize loss.
Problems created by decline of population in developed countries are;Underutilization of public utilities such as schools/health facilities.It leads to slow development of a country's economy.Inadequate manpower causing shortage of labour.High dependency ratio due to large number of elderly population.
Specific groups of people in Kenya recognised by the new constitution include;Marginalised groupThe womenThe youthDisability