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Roles of living organisms in soil formation are;Decompose organic matter to humus (bacteria and fungi)Fix nitrogen in the soil (Rhizobium bacteria)Provide nutrients in the soil when they dieTheir waste matter adds nutrients to the soilTheir burrowing activities increase the breakdown of rock particlesPlant roots breakdown rocks as they grow and expand.Larger animals break rock particles increasing the process of weathering.
Signs of infection include;Sudden death in acute formsBreathing difficultiesBeaks remain wide openWatery greenish diarrheaNasal dischargesCoughing and sneezingStaggering due to infection of the nervous systemDrooping wings and bending of neckEggs laid have soft shell
Control measures of New castle disease are;VaccinationMass slaughterPracticing farm hygieneQuarantine
Cultural method of controlling smut disease are;Field hygieneCrop rotationUse of certified seeds
Uses of soils include;Soils may contain valuable minerals e.g alluvial gold diamondsSoils such as clay are used in making ceramics such as pots and tiles.Soils are used in building and construction e.g clay for brick making and sand for constructionSoil provide physical support on which plants growIt's a medium through which plants absorb water and mineral elements