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The main reason for the convening of Berlin conference was to peacefully divide Africa among the European-powers.
African resistance failed against European invasion because;African had inferior weapons compared to European superior weaponsDisunity among Africans.Some African communities had been weakened by diseases and calamities.Europeans received reinforcement from their colonies and mother countries.Some Africans collaborated with the Europeans helping them against fellow Africans.European's robust and organized armies couldn't be matched by the African warriors.Some African leaders were captured and executed hence demoralizing the Africans.The scotched earth policy employed by Europeans significantly weakened the Africa economy.
Reasons why the armed resistance failed in Kenya are;Kenyan societies were organized in small autonomous groups making it hard to fight the enemyDisunity of communities who kept fighting one another.Inferior weapons while British had sophisticated weapons like gunsAfrican warriors were not well trainedEpidemics and natural calamities reduced the populationPoor leadershipThe death of their leaders demoralized themSome Africans collaborated with British against fellow Africans
Functions of the Orkoiyot among the Nandi up to the 19th century include;Presided over religious functions like offering sacrifices.Advised the council of elders on matters of daily running of the communityHe was the overall political leader of the communityAdvised worriers and blessed them before going to the battle.Arbitrated on cases brought to him by clan council of elders.Foretold the future.Consulted when disaster like drought and diseases struck.Was chief medicine man of the community.
Political organization of the Nandi during the pre-colonial period include;Lived in autonomous territorial units (Bororiet)They had a council of elders (KOK)Duties of council of elders included ; maintain law & order, settled disputesLeadership was based on age-gradesThe Orkoiyot is respected as the central authority and unifying factorAdvised the council of eldersYoung men joined junior warriors after circumcision and they defended the community from external attacks